A healthy tongue should typically appear pinkish in color. When it takes on a yellowish hue, it can be a cause for concern. Yellow tongue refers to the presence of a greyish-yellow coating on the tongue, which can cover the entire surface or appear in patches. In most cases, this discoloration is a result of trapped food or accumulation of dead cells on the tongue. It is essential to be aware of the causes and remedies for this condition. Our tongue is covered with papillae, which are small bumps responsible for detecting taste. Due to the large surface area of the papillae, food particles and debris tend to accumulate, leading to a yellow tongue and bad breath, as explained by internal medicine specialist Dr. Tushar Tayal. Poor oral hygiene can be a major reason behind a yellow tongue.
Causes of Yellow Tongue
1. Lifestyle Factors
- Smoking
- Chewing tobacco
- Poor oral hygiene
- Wearing dentures or false teeth
- Dehydration
- Regular alcohol consumption
- Excessive consumption of tea and coffee
2. Medical Conditions
Yellow tongue can also be indicative of certain medical conditions:
- Geographic tongue: Patches on the tongue are missing papillae, causing smooth, red areas with slightly raised whitish borders. This can make the tongue sensitive to certain foods and does not typically require treatment.
- Oral lichen planus: This chronic inflammatory condition can lead to whitish yellow, lace-like patches in the mouth, along with ulcers, pain, and swelling. Treatment may involve the use of topical or oral corticosteroids.
- Jaundice: Yellow discoloration can occur on the underside of the tongue due to liver inflammation and bilirubin accumulation in the body. Treatment for jaundice is essential.
- Oral thrush: A fungal infection can cause off-white or yellow patches in the mouth, along with taste disturbances and soreness. Anti-fungal medication is effective in treating this condition.
- Medication: Certain drugs such as anti-malaria medications, oral contraceptives, and HIV drugs may cause tongue discoloration.
- Dry mouth: Lack of adequate saliva can lead to bacterial buildup and yellow patches on the tongue. Conditions such as Sjogren’s syndrome, diabetes, radiation, and chemotherapy can cause dry mouth.
Treating Yellow Tongue
Addressing any underlying medical conditions is crucial. In addition, the following steps can help in getting rid of a yellow tongue:
1. Good Oral Hygiene
Regular brushing and flossing, along with the use of a tongue scraper or soft-bristled toothbrush, can help in removing bacteria and debris from the tongue surface.
2. Smoking Cessation
Quitting smoking can reduce tongue irritation and improve its appearance.
3. Increased Fiber Intake
Consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes rich in fiber can stimulate saliva production and maintain tongue cleanliness.
4. Hydrogen Peroxide Rinse
Using a hydrogen peroxide and water mixture as a mouth rinse can help eliminate bacteria causing yellow discoloration.
It is advisable to seek medical advice if the yellow discoloration persists despite these measures.